What is does range include outliers?

The range is significantly affected by outliers. Because the range is calculated by subtracting the smallest value from the largest value in a dataset, extreme values, whether unusually high or unusually low, will directly impact the result. A single outlier can dramatically increase or decrease the range, making it a poor measure of spread in datasets prone to such extreme values. Therefore, the range is not a robust measure of dispersion when outliers are present. Alternatives like the interquartile range are often preferred as they are less sensitive to outliers.